Application and mechanism of Fenton-like iron-based functional materials for arsenite removal

Between the two major arsenic-containing salts in natural water, arsenite (As(III)) is far more harmful to human and the environment than arsenate (As(V)) due to its high toxicity and transportability. Therefore, preoxidation of As(III) to As(V) is considered to be an effective means to reduce the toxicity of arsenic and to promote the removal efficiency of arsenic. Due to their high catalytic activity and arsenic affinity, iron-based functional materials can quickly oxidize As(III) to As(V) in heterogeneous Fenton-like systems, and then remove As(V) from water through adsorption and surface coprecipitation. In this review, the effects of different iron-based functional materials such as zero-valent iron and iron (hydroxy) oxides on arsenic removal are compared, and the catalytic oxidation mechanism of As(III) in heterogeneous Fenton process is further clarified. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities faced by iron-based As(III) oxidation functional materials are prospected.     

低温蒸发联合臭氧催化氧化处理精细化工污水

某生产清洗剂类化工品的企业属典型小型精细化工企业,生产污水只能采用企业自理的处理方式,随着企业产品种类和数量的增多,产生的污水量及污水污染物已远超过原处理设施的处理能力。本研究采用低温蒸发联合臭氧催化氧化的短流程处理工艺,组装成移动式一体化处理设备处理该废水,处理结果表明,出水COD≤30 mg/L、总磷≤0.5 mg/L、浊度≤6.0 mg/L、色度接近0,达到国家一级排放标准和回用标准。     

催化裂化烟气超低排放技术的可行性研究

工业废气是一项主要空气污染源。烟气超低排放技术是一项主流的烟气污染源治理方法。对催化裂化烟气超低排放技术进行研究,分析影响催化裂化烟气超低排放的制约因素,明确催化裂化烟气超低排放工程的注意事项。     

Tunable Ni/Fe-Mo carbide catalyst with high activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction

Cost-effective catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are attractive for sustainable production of H₂ fuel. Herein, a series of tunable Ni/Fe-Mo carbide catalysts have been synthesized via a sol-gel method coupling with a subsequent high temperature carbonization process. The amount of nickel and iron was tuned in the Mo₇/C precursors, accomplishing a favourable performance of noble-metal-free electrocatalysts for HER. As expected, the designed Ni₁₀Fe₄Mo₇/C catalyst displays an enhanced catalytic activity toward hydrogen production with an ultralow overpotential (η₁₀ = 110 mV) and striking kinetics (η_onset = 58 mV, k = 54 mV · dec⁻¹) in the alkaline electrolyte (1 M KOH), which are comparable to those of the commercial 20% Pt/C catalyst. Such excellent performance of Ni₁₀Fe₄Mo₇/C could be attributed to the high intrinsic activities of Ni-based alloys (NiMo₄) and Mo₂C, as well as to the lattice contraction in the Mo₂C unit cell, in accordance with its high electrochemical surface area (~133 m² · g⁻¹) and low charge-transfer resistance (~31.5 Ω) for the associated electrode.     

Interface engineering of nanoceramic hematite photoelectrode for solar energy conversion

This work addresses the role of different modifiers on the overall photocurrent response, which allowed a dual material insertion, increasing the charge separation without compromise the surface catalysis. Sn-addition onto nanoceramic hematite photoelectrodes clearly increased flat band potential, promoting a good charge separation, and shifting the onset to a higher potential, attributed to the surface-trapping state created by this modification. Notoriously, Sn-hematite photoelectrodes loaded with NiFeO_x exhibited the highest photocurrent density, suggesting a partially recovered surface-trapping states created during the electrode designing. The well-known cocatalyst acted in the overall photoelectrocatalytic response with no significant effect on the turn-on voltage, in other words, with minor effect related to catalytic efficiency. The dual modification contributes to understand the role of different modifiers allowing to satisfactorily improve charge separation while maintaining the conductivity attributed to IV-group ions.     

生活垃圾焚烧烟气脱硝超低排放技术经济比较

介绍了生活垃圾焚烧烟气成分及特点,针对垃圾焚烧烟气温度偏低及二噁英类、重金属、HCl、Hg、H2O等杂质含量偏高、SO2浓度低等特点,提出垃圾焚烧烟气脱硝超低排放的4种技术方案,并进行技术经济比较。分析结果表明:固体脱硝剂SNCR脱硝技术投资及运行成本最低,脱硝效率可达90%以上,是一种生活垃圾焚烧烟气处理优选的脱硝技术。     

催化裂化催化剂形貌分析方法的建立

结合显微镜观察,通过分析毫米级颗粒、微米级Duke粒子及催化裂化催化剂,研究动态数字图像分析仪CamsizerX2分析颗粒形貌的合理准确性。考察分散方式、分散压力和记录颗粒数量因素的影响,建立了催化裂化催化剂球形貌分析方法。     

基于水泥除尘+脱硝流场的CFD数值模拟研究

随着社会环保意识的增强,大气污染物的排放标准也日益严格,这给环保工程带来了极大的潜在市场。脱硝反应器设计作为SCR脱硝工艺中除了催化剂的另一核心,在水泥行业没有更好的催化剂被研发出来之前,想要脱硝设备的性能得到极佳的发挥,在高温高尘区布置除尘+脱硝设备已经是工程上的一个选择,而在高尘区要保证催化剂的稳定、高效运行,流场的优化必不可少。本文针对某水泥行业除尘+脱硝项目,采用CFD软件对其流场进行数值模拟,并给出导流板的优化设计方案。结果表明:在电除尘器上进气口布置合适的导流板,使得进入电场的烟气分布均匀;同时在整流格栅前添加导流板,脱硝反应器内的流场也得到了极大改善。因此,采用CFD软件数值模拟对水泥行业除尘+脱硝有着重要的意义。     

Efficient manganese decorated cobalt based catalysts for hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) biofuel

2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) is a promising compound in the production of biofuel with high-quality properties. In this study, it is aimed to develop new efficient catalysts to synthesize DMF from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Co, Mn/Co, and Ru/Co catalysts were prepared using the NaBH₄ reduction method. The catalysts were subjected to activity tests for the hydrogenation of HMF to DMF by changing the reaction parameters, such as temperature and time. Mn/Co catalysts prepared from metal precursors at various molar ratios of Mn/Co were found to be effective in hydrogenation reactions of HMF to DMF. A 91.8% DMF yield was achieved in the presence of a Mn/Co (50/50) catalyst without noble metal at 180°C for 4 hours. The Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) method, x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and induction coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) techniques were used to characterize the efficient Mn/Co catalyst.